Wine is not just a beverage. It is a narrative of transformation! Ageing brings out the latent potential in wine. This feature refines its flavours, aromas, and textures to turn it into a drink of astonishing complexity.
This article delves deep into the dynamic process that allows wine to evolve. Whether you are a casual drinker or a connoisseur, understanding ageing can bring a new level of enjoyment to your wine experience!
The heart of complexity
Wine ageing is primarily a series of chemical reactions. At the core are phenolic compounds such as tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids. These chemicals interact with esters, alcohols, and acids to produce an increasingly complex flavour profile.
Over time, the tannins polymerize, making the wine less astringent and smoother to the palate. Simultaneously, malic and tartaric acids undergo micro-transformations, adding subtlety to the wine’s taste.
Many overlook yeast autolysis, but it plays a crucial role in sparkling wines like Champagne. As yeast cells die, they break down and release amino acids and other compounds that contribute to the complexity of both flavour and aroma. It lends sparkling wines the characteristic notes of biscuits, bread, or even toasted nuts.
Oxygen and ageing
Oxygen can be both a friend and foe in the ageing process. A controlled level of oxygen exposure allows the wine to ‘breathe’. It accelerates the chemical reactions that lead to a more rounded and complex flavour.
However, excessive oxygen can spell disaster, leading to oxidization that ruins the wine. Methods like using inert gas in storage tanks or inserting oxygen-absorbing capsules in screw caps are innovations aimed at controlling oxygen exposure.
Terroir and storage as environmental factors
The birthplace of the wine, known as terroir, undeniably influences how a wine ages. Terroir encompasses everything from the soil type and local weather patterns to the techniques employed in viticulture. Optimal storage conditions are equally crucial:
- Temperature: best between 55-65°F
- Humidity: ideal at 70%
- Light: avoid direct sunlight
- Position: store bottles horizontally to keep the cork moist
Understanding the role of environmental factors deepens your appreciation for the ageing process. It also helps you make informed choices as a consumer or collector. Awareness of these factors can transform your wine experience from simple consumption to exploring complexity and nuance.
Ageing vessels: Barrels, bottles, and beyond
In winemaking, the type of ageing vessel can significantly impact the wine’s character, taste, and overall complexity. Traditionally, oak barrels have been the vessel of choice. They lend tannins, flavour, and a specific permeability that allows the wine to breathe. Oak barrels contribute notes of vanilla, spice, and sometimes smoky flavours to the wine. They come in various sizes and can be American or French oak. Each material adds distinct nuances.
However, oak is not the only option for ageing. Stainless steel tanks are increasingly popular for wines intended to be crisper and fruitier. These impermeable tanks provide a completely different ageing environment. It preserves the wine’s natural fruit flavours. They are also easier to clean and maintain, reducing the risk of contamination.
Clay amphoras, an ancient but resurging trend, offer a middle ground between oak and steel. They are porous like oak, allowing the wine to breathe but not impart the woody flavours that barrels do. Amphoras provide an exciting alternative for winemakers looking to experiment.
Choosing an ageing vessel is a crucial factor that can significantly alter the end product. The reason is that each brings something unique to the table.
Conclusion
The ageing of wine is a fascinating subject that combines science, art, and a dash of magic. Numerous factors contribute to the wine’s ultimate complexity, from the molecular transformations to the influence of storage conditions and ageing vessels. So, the next time you savour an aged wine, take a moment to consider the incredible journey it has been on to reach your glass.
If you have any questions or wish to explore any aspect of this journey further, do not hesitate to contact us. Cheers!